• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A current line circuit breaker (10) includes a blower (11) for an electric arc occurring between two contacts (12, 14), the blower (11) having a gap cutoff (18), a thermal blast chamber (24), a compression chamber (26) and at least one exhaust channel (34) of gas present in the thermal blast chamber (24) when the gas pressure in the thermal blowing chamber (24) is greater than a predetermined pressure, characterized in that said at least one evacuation channel (34) passes axially through the compression chamber (26) and opens into an evacuation space (36) located axially downstream of the compression chamber (26).
    公开号:CH707280B1
    申请号:CH00422/14
    申请日:2012-09-19
    公开日:2017-03-15
    发明作者:Manin Philippe
    申请人:Alstom Technology Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a fixed conductor and a movable conductor which are arranged in a cutoff space at which the blowing of an electric arc occurs.
    The circuit breaker according to the invention limits the overpressures in the thermal blowing chamber that are caused by heating the dielectric gas.
    State of the art
    A circuit breaker comprises two electrical contacts which are in contact with each other when the circuit breaker is closed, and which are able to be separated by the displacement of one of them when opening the breaker.
    When opening the circuit breaker, an electric arc is formed between the two contacts, limiting the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker.
    The circuit breaker comprises a self-blowing device of the electric arc through a dielectric gas.
    The circuit breaker comprises for this purpose a cutoff space defining an annular conduit whose passage section varies in the direction of flow of the gas, forming a convergent-divergent system.
    The circuit breaker also comprises a thermal blowing chamber which contains dielectric gas and which communicates with one end of the cutoff space. When forming the arc, the dielectric gas is heated and is expelled through the breaking gap, then blowing the electric arc.
    The circuit breaker also comprises a compression chamber by which dielectric gas is compressed at high pressure and is injected into the thermal blowing chamber during the opening of the circuit breaker, to increase the efficiency of blowing the arc.
    When the circuit breaker is mounted on a transmission line of strong electric current, the power of the electric arc produces a significant heating and expansion of the dielectric gas in the thermal blowing chamber.
    To limit the overpressure in the blowing chamber, the document FR 2 837 321 discloses a circuit breaker having means for discharging the dielectric gas opening upstream of the breaking space, in the general interior volume of the circuit breaker.
    According to this document, the evacuation is performed by a coaxial channel to the cutoff space, which is formed in the nozzle defining the cutoff space.
    Such an embodiment of the nozzle is particularly complex to achieve because of the complex shape of the coaxial channel, and the shutter means of the channel.
    The invention aims to provide a circuit breaker comprising means for limiting the overpressure in the blowing chamber having a simplified structure.
    Presentation of the invention
    The invention proposes a current transmission line circuit breaker comprising a fixed contact arranged at an upstream axial end of the circuit breaker and a movable contact arranged axially downstream of the fixed contact, which is axially movable relative to the contact. fixed, and a device for blowing an electric arc occurring between the fixed contact and the moving contact, the blowing device comprising, from upstream to downstream, along the main axis of the circuit breaker, a cutoff space containing a gas in which the fixed contact and the moving contact are arranged, a thermal blast chamber containing dielectric gas which communicates directly with the breaking space, a compression chamber containing dielectric gas under pressure, which is able to communicate with the thermal blowing chamber via a valve during the opening operation of the circuit breaker, at least one evacuation duct n of the dielectric gas present in the thermal blast chamber when the pressure of the dielectric gas in the thermal blast chamber is greater than a predetermined pressure, characterized in that the at least one exhaust duct passes axially through the compression chamber and opens in an evacuation space located axially downstream of the compression chamber.
    Such exhaust duct allows to evacuate a portion of the dielectric gas to a portion of the circuit breaker remote from the breaking gap, while limiting the radial dimensions of the circuit breaker.
    Preferably, the circuit breaker comprises an outer vessel defining a closed volume in which the contacts are arranged, and said at least one evacuation conduit opens into the interior volume of the circuit breaker.
    Preferably, the circuit breaker comprises an outer vessel defining a closed volume in which the contacts are arranged, and said at least one evacuation conduit opens into the evacuation space which is separated from the interior volume of the circuit breaker.
    Preferably, the evacuation space comprises a downstream partition secured to the movable contact.
    Preferably, an end of said at least one exhaust duct is closed by a valve which is adapted to open when the pressure of the dielectric gas in the thermal blowing chamber is greater than the predetermined pressure.
    Preferably, said at least one evacuation conduit is integral with the movable contact in axial displacement during the opening operation of the circuit breaker.
    Preferably, said at least one evacuation conduit is stationary in the circuit breaker during the opening operation of the circuit breaker.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended figures in which:<tb> fig. 1 <SEP> is a schematic representation in axial section of the contacts of a circuit breaker and an arc blowing system between the contacts;<tb> fig. 2 <SEP> represents two half sectional views of a circuit breaker similar to that shown in FIG. 1, showing two embodiments of a variant of the invention according to which the evacuation channel opens into a closed evacuation space.
    Detailed presentation of particular embodiments
    In the following description, identical, similar or similar elements will be designated by the same reference numerals.
    It will also adopt the upstream direction downstream as being the axial direction along the main axis of the circuit breaker and from left to right with reference to FIG. 1.
    It is shown in FIG. 1 a circuit breaker 10 of high voltage current carrying line of main axis A, which is here substantially horizontal.
    The circuit breaker 10 comprises two contacts 12, 14 which are here in electrical contact with each other, which are capable of being separated when the circuit breaker is open.
    A first contact 12, here that shown to the left of FIG. 1, is fixed and consists of a bar coaxial with the main axis of the circuit breaker 10.
    The other contact 14 is axially movable relative to the fixed contact 12 between a position of contact with the fixed contact 12 shown in the figures and a position in which it is separated from the fixed contact 12 (not shown). The moving contact 14 here consists of a tubular element coaxial with the main axis of the circuit breaker 10.
    The fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 14 are in contact with each other at their ends 12a, 14a vis-à-vis.
    When opening the circuit breaker 10, the movable contact 14 moves downstream relative to the fixed contact 12, and upon breaking of the contact between the two contacts 12, 14, an electric arc is formed between the ends 12a, 14a vis-à-vis the contacts 12, 14.
    This electric arc penalizes the efficiency of the circuit breaker 10 to cut off the flow of electric current.
    The internal volume of the circuit breaker 10 is filled with a dielectric gas, such as for example sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) which limits the formation of the electric arc.
    The circuit breaker 10 also comprises means for cutting the electric arc, which here consist of a blowing device 11 of the electric arc.
    The blowing device 11 comprises a blast nozzle 16 which defines a cutting gap 18 of the electric arc which contains dielectric gas.
    The blowing nozzle 16 defines a cutoff space 18 in which the associated ends 12a, 14a of the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 14 are received.
    The cutting gap 18 is shaped so that the dielectric gas moves from downstream to upstream at a high speed when opening the circuit breaker, to suppress the electric arc. The cutoff space 18 thus forms a convergent-divergent system, that is to say that its axial section decreases and then increases, in the direction of flow of the dielectric gas, so that in a central zone, the section of passage is reduced, to increase the flow velocity of the dielectric gas. Also, the cut-off space 18 is made in such a way that the zone with reduced passage section is located at the ends 12a, 14a of the contacts 12, 14.
    The blowing nozzle 16 is integral with the movable contact 14 in axial displacement downstream, it is for this purpose fixed to the movable contact 14 by means of a cylindrical casing 20 coaxial with the moving contact 14, which is located radially away from the movable contact 14 and which is located axially at the downstream end of the blast nozzle 16 and by a radial partition 22 connecting the cylindrical housing 20 to the movable contact 14.
    The casing 20, the radial partition 22 and the movable contact 14 define a thermal blast chamber 24 containing dielectric gas, which communicates directly with the cutoff space 18, to supply the cutoff space 18 with dielectric gas. .
    The blowing device 11 also comprises a compression chamber 26 containing dielectric gas, which is arranged axially downstream of the thermal blowing chamber 24, and which is separated from the thermal blowing chamber 24 by the radial partition 22 .
    The compression chamber 26 is delimited, on the one hand, by the radial partition 22 and the movable contact 14 and is delimited on the other hand by a cylindrical casing 28 and an associated radial wall 30.
    The cylindrical envelope 28 and the radial wall 30 are fixed in the circuit breaker 10, such that during the opening of the circuit breaker 10, the radial partition 22 and the movable contact 14 move axially downstream, thereby reducing the volume of the compression chamber 26. The dielectric gas pressure in the compression chamber 26 then increases gradually.
    A valve system 32 selectively connects the compression chamber 26 to the blowing chamber 24 when the pressure difference between the compression chamber 26 and the blowing chamber 24 is greater than a predefined value.
    The compression chamber 26 is used to supply the blowing chamber 24 with dielectric gas when opening the circuit breaker 10.
    When opening the circuit breaker 10, and it is crossed by a high current, the electric arc that occurs between the contacts 12, 14 causes significant heating and expansion of the dielectric gas content in the blowing chamber 24. As a result, the dielectric gas pressure in the blowing chamber 24 also increases significantly.
    To avoid any risk of damage to its components under the effect of pressure, the circuit breaker 10 comprises a gas outlet channel 34 outside the thermal blowing chamber 24.
    The evacuation channel 34 connects the internal volume of the blowing chamber 24 to a discharge space 36.
    According to the invention, the evacuation channel 34 is coaxial with the main axis of the circuit breaker 10, and it extends axially in such a way that the evacuation space 36 is located axially downstream of the chamber. 26. Thus, the discharge channel 34 extends axially through the compression chamber 26.
    Here, according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the evacuation channel 34 is annular and surrounds the body of the movable contact 14.
    According to another embodiment, represented for example in FIG. 2, the evacuation channel comprises at least one tubular duct 38 which is parallel to the main axis of the circuit-breaker 10 and which is offset radially with respect to the movable contact 14.
    Preferably, the blowing device 11 comprises a plurality of tubular ducts 38 distributed around the main axis of the circuit breaker 10 and around the movable contact 14.
    The upstream end 40 of the evacuation channel 34 is located at the radial wall 22 and the downstream end 42 of the evacuation channel 34 is located at the radial wall 30. Sealing means (not shown) are provided at each end 40, 42 of the discharge channel 34 to prevent leakage of dielectric gas between the compression chamber 26 on the one hand and the blowing chamber 24 or the evacuation space 36 on the other hand.
    According to another aspect of the discharge channel 34, it is secured to the movable contact 14 in axial displacement in the circuit breaker 10.
    For this purpose, the evacuation channel 34 is fixed to the radial partition 22 at its upstream end 40 and is slidably mounted in the fixed radial wall 30.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the evacuation channel 34 is immobile in the circuit breaker 10. It is then fixed to the fixed radial wall 30 and is slidably mounted relative to the radial partition 22.
    The evacuation channel 34 comprises a shutter valve system so that it connects the thermal blowing chamber 24 to the discharge space 36 only when the dielectric gas pressure in the thermal blowing chamber is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
    The shutter system comprises a valve 44 which is held in abutment against an associated wall, closing an orifice 46 through which the dielectric gas is able to circulate.
    The valve 44 is held in abutment against the associated wall by a spring 48 which is calibrated according to the predetermined threshold value.
    According to a first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the closure system is arranged at the upstream end 40 of the discharge channel 34. The orifice 46 is formed in the radial partition 22 and is supported upstream against the downstream radial face of it.
    According to a second embodiment shown in the lower half-section of FIG. 2, the closure system is arranged at the downstream end 42 of the evacuation channel 34. The internal volume of the evacuation channel 34 then communicates directly with the internal volume of the thermal blast chamber 24.
    The evacuation space 36 limits the overpressure created in the internal volume of the thermal blowing chamber 24.
    According to a first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the evacuation space 36 is formed by the internal volume of the circuit breaker 10.
    The internal volume of the circuit breaker 10 is relatively large, which allows it to absorb the pressure of dielectric gas discharging from the blowing chamber 24.
    In addition, the dielectric gas contained in the internal volume of the circuit breaker 10 is at a temperature below the temperature of the dielectric gas in the thermal blowing chamber 24, which further allows cooling of the dielectric gas from the chamber thermal blowing, and reduce its pressure.
    According to another embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the discharge channel 34 opens into a discharge space 36 which is separated from the interior volume of the circuit breaker 10.
    According to a preferred embodiment of this other embodiment, the evacuation space 36 is delimited axially by the radial wall 30 and a downstream radial partition located downstream of the radial wall 30 which is integral with the movable contact. 14.
    When the valve system 44 of the evacuation channel 36 is open, the dielectric gas under pressure coming from the thermal blast chamber 24 fills the evacuation space 36, increasing the pressure exerted on the faces in contact with each other. with respect to the radial wall 30 and the downstream radial wall 50. The resulting pressure force which is exerted on the downstream radial wall 50 is oriented downstream, so that it participates in the drive of the contact. mobile 14 downstream.
    This reduces the effort required to drive the movable contact 14 to its disconnected position of the fixed contact 12, and thus to limit the dimensions of certain components of the circuit breaker 10.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    A current line circuit breaker (10) comprising a fixed contact (12) arranged at an upstream axial end of the circuit breaker (10) and a movable contact (14) arranged axially downstream of the fixed contact (12). which is axially movable with respect to the stationary contact (12), and a device (11) for blowing an electric arc occurring between the fixed contact (12) and the movable contact (14),the blowing device (11) comprising, from upstream to downstream, along the main axis of the circuit breaker (10), a breaking gap (18) containing a dielectric gas in which the fixed contact (12) and the movable contact ( 14) are arranged, a thermal blast chamber (24) containing dielectric gas which communicates directly with the breaking gap (18), a compression chamber (26) containing pressurized dielectric gas, which is adapted to communicate with the thermal blowing chamber (24) via a valve (32) during the opening operation of the circuit breaker (10),at least one discharge channel (34) of the dielectric gas present in the thermal blast chamber (24) when the pressure of the dielectric gas in the thermal blast chamber (24) is greater than a predetermined pressure,characterized in that said at least one evacuation channel (34) passes axially through the compression chamber (26) and opens into a discharge space (36) located axially downstream of the compression chamber (26).
    [2]
    2. Circuit breaker (10) according to the preceding claim, which comprises an outer vessel defining a closed volume in which the contacts (12, 14) are arranged, characterized in that said at least one discharge channel (34) opens into the internal volume of the circuit breaker (10).
    [3]
    3. Circuit breaker (10) according to claim 1, which comprises an outer vessel defining a closed volume in which the contacts (12, 14) are arranged, characterized in that said at least one discharge channel (34) opens into the evacuation space (36) which is separated from the interior volume of the circuit breaker (10).
    [4]
    4. Circuit breaker (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the discharge space (36) comprises a downstream partition (50) integral with the movable contact (14).
    [5]
    5. circuit breaker (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one end (40, 42) of said at least one evacuation channel (34) is closed by a valve (44) which is adapted to s open when the pressure of the dielectric gas in the thermal blast chamber (24) is greater than the predetermined pressure.
    [6]
    6. circuit breaker (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one evacuation channel (34) is integral with the movable contact (14) in axial displacement during the opening operation of the circuit breaker (10).
    [7]
    7. circuit breaker (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said at least one evacuation channel (34) is stationary in the circuit breaker (10) during the opening operation of the circuit breaker (10).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2980300A1|2013-03-22|
    FR2980300B1|2013-10-11|
    WO2013041579A1|2013-03-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2411897A1|1974-03-12|1975-09-18|Siemens Ag|ARRANGEMENT FOR EXTINGUISHING AN ARC IN A GAS FLOW SWITCH|
    FR2837321B1|2002-03-18|2004-08-06|Alstom|HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER INCLUDING A DECOMPRESSION VALVE|
    AT456857T|2006-05-29|2010-02-15|Abb Technology Ag|BLOW PISTON SWITCH WITH AN OVERPRESSURE VALVE|
    法律状态:
    2017-03-31| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |
    2017-03-31| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD, CH |
    2019-04-30| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1158350A|FR2980300B1|2011-09-20|2011-09-20|CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DISCHARGE CONDUIT|
    PCT/EP2012/068458|WO2013041579A1|2011-09-20|2012-09-19|Circuit breaker comprising a discharge conduit|
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